The civilization of Iraq
The civilization of Iraq is one of the oldest and greatest civilizations that arose in the history of mankind, it is considered the cradle of cultural and intellectual creations, and this civilization extends back thousands of years before that, as the ancient regions of Iraq witnessed influential generations in various fields, making them influential on civilizations, the region and the region.
1. Geographical location and influence
Located in the Mesopotamian region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Iraq is a region of great importance in terms of natural resources such as water and Privacy, which has made it home to several successive civilizations. This geographical geographical location was a meeting point between East and West, which facilitated the process of commercial and cultural translation.2. Civilizations that originated in Iraq
Iraq represents a new point for brave civilizations:
Sumerian civilization: considered one of the oldest civilizations in human history, it originated in southern Iraq around 3000 BC.the Sumerians developed the decoding of the Torah, contributed to the sciences of mathematics and astronomy, and also built a huge temple and developed Government Administration Systems.
Akkadian civilization: originated in northern Iraq after the Sumerians around 2334 BC.M. It was under the rule of the Akkadian King Sargon who united the Sumerian cities under one empire.
Babylonian civilization: with the advent of King Hammurabi in 1792 BC.Ad, Babylon experienced a renaissance in law and the arts. The "code of Hammurabi" is one of the oldest and most famous codified laws in history.
Assyrian civilization: originated in northern Iraq, famous for its military power and extensive imperial rule. And after the end of the Assyrian Empire in the IX century BC, uktica was distinguished by its achievements in the field of modern technology and arts, as well as its developed administrative systems.
3. Cultural and scientific achievements
Iraq has played an important role in the transfer of knowledge between different cultures, and one of the most notable achievements of the ancient Indian civilization:
Legal writing: innovative brand legal writing that forms the basis for documenting transactions, legal systems and literary stories.
Sports science and mathematics: football the Iraqis were pioneers in sports science and mathematics, invented accurate calendars, managed to divide the day into 24 hours, and also laid the foundations of algebraic proofs.
Modern technology: many luxurious buildings appeared in Iraq, such as ziggurats and temples, which were considered to respect the progress in the use of stone and brick.
4. Religion and beliefs
There were many religions and beliefs in ancient Iraq, where the Sumerians worshiped gods such as "Inanna" and"an", While the Babylonians and Assyrians worshiped gods such as "Marduk" and"Assyria". They were an integral part of everyday life, as they were connected with social and political policy with religious rituals.
5. Influence on other civilizations
The civilization of Iraq was not limited to its geographical scope, but its influence extended to multiple regions, so the Persian, Egyptian and Greek civilizations were influenced by the cultural tributaries and achievements achieved by Iraq, and Iraq was a starting point for cultural campaigns between the East and the West.
6. Modern renaissance
Although Iraq has gone through a period of turmoil and political changes in the modern era, its ancient history and civilization is still a source of pride and pride for Iraqis and the whole world, and nowadays many scientists and historians are turning to the study of ancient antiquities in Iraq and thus understand how to achieve them.
7.The ancient Iraqi economy
The economy in the ancient civilizations of Iraq was mainly based on commercial agriculture. With the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, there are only a huge number of agricultural resources that meet the requirements of agricultural development. The Bekaa, Babylonians and Assyrians cultivated foods such as barley and lentils, and animal husbandry was an important part of everyday life.
In addition to the farm, Iraq was an important Trade Center due to its geographical location. Major cities such as Babylon, UR and Nineveh were special trade prospects between different civilizations. Trade routes appeared from Iraq to neighboring regions, such as Persia, The Levant and present-day Turkey, and the trade of goods such as gold particles such as textiles, fabrics, stones and construction also appeared, which helped the economy flourish and enriched the cultural and civilizational influence.
8. The arts
The Arts in the ancient civilizations of Iraq were an essential part of everyday life, both in technical sciences and in artistic or literary formation. Temples and ziggurats were considered one of the advanced excesses that characterized these civilizations. Ziggurats, as exhibition spaces, were built in the form of multiple large spaces, reflecting the skill of Engineering Planning in that period
Ancient Iraqi art includes painting and sculpture, and ancient Iraqi sculptors were engaged in creating magnificent statues representing gods, kings and heroes, as they were identified by the complexity found on the stone seals that were used in printing on the lay. And the famous literary art is not limited to the epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest literary works in the world, which tells the story of a Sumerian king named Gilgamesh and reflects many human values such as friendship, loss and consideration for immortality.
9. Designs and inventions
As for technologies, the ancient Iraqis were among the first in many characters who entered the humanitarian war, for example, they invented women's clothing and unified the suit, which is the non-radical way of transporting and grinding things, and also organized a pioneer using canals and rivers to transfer water to agricultural devices, which helped in crop production.
In the field of technology, the ancient Iraqis scrupulously observed the stars and constellations, developed lunar and annual calendars that help them organize agriculture and religious events, and also identified themselves in mathematics, where they used a very sophisticated system and introduced elaborate calculations related to dimensions and distances.
10. Administrative regime and fall
The system of government in ancient Iraq was characterized by a developed administrative and legal system, the most prominent example of which is the "code of Hammurabi", which is one of the oldest codified laws in history, which was used by the Babylonian king Hammurabi in about 1754 BC.M. The law was aimed at achieving justice and equality of people, officially punished crimes, and this law covered all aspects of everyday life, including sex, inheritance, theft, slavery and corporal punishment.
Governance in ancient Iraq was the position in which the King was the first choice of the gods on earth, he was supposed to be the protector of justice and equality. The administrative system also included civil servants working in various fields such as agriculture, trade, and the military.
11. Effects on neighboring civilizations
Iraq has played a major role in influencing neighboring civilizations. its Iraqi technologies and knowledge in several fields such as writing, mathematics and astronomy were transferred to many ancient civilizations.the Phoenicians, for example, had trade relations with the Iraqis, as a result of which cultural and commercial exchanges arose. some of the Iraqi mathematical and astronomical beginnings were transferred to the Greeks, who developed them afterwards.
The Persian civilization was also influenced by the Iraqi civilization in many aspects such as technological engineering and the art of inscription writing, as there are no techniques for agriculture and irrigation from Iraq to neighboring civilizations, which helped to improve agricultural production in many areas.
12. Challenges and destruction
Despite the great achievements achieved by the civilizations of ancient Iraq, these civilizations suffered destruction as a result of invasions and conflicts, the Assyrian civilization lost its advanced historical features to the Persian and Mediterranean civilization in the seventh century BC, and with the attack of Babylon by the Persians in the sixth century BC, it then entered a period of foreign domination that lasted for several centuries.
Moreover, modern wars in Iraq and political factors may contribute to the impact on many archaeological sites, significantly affecting the cultural and historical heritage of the country.
13. The heritage of the civilization of Iraq in the modern era
Despite the current difficulties facing the universality of Iraq, its cultural heritage remains a source of pride, and there are international organizations working to enrich the magnificent archaeological sites such as Babylon, UR and Nineveh, through a joint commitment with the Iraqi government to protect them from destruction, and then many scientists and historians cooperate and understand the ancient Iraqi culture better, as they communicate with archaeological studies and excavate the traces of successive Iraqi civilizations to reveal more details about these ancient civilizations.
14. Far away
The ancient Iraqi civilization represents strong foundations for other human civilizations. through its achievements in writing sciences, arts and laws, the civilizations of Iraq have left an indelible imprint on human history.over time, this civilization has remained a symbol of creativity in various fields of heroism, it withstands challenges and remains evidence of the strength of human will to face them.
Conclusion
The civilization of Iraq is an influential and rich civilization in the history of mankind, as it has chosen to penetrate thought in many areas, and Iraq is living its challenges in the modern era, and its ancient civilization remains an example for man in many areas